resolving ...

The @code{MySQL Portals} (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/portal/})

represent the ultimate resource to find @code{MySQL AB Partners},

as well as books, or other @code{MySQL} related solutions that you

may be looking for. Items are categorized and rated in order to

may be looking for. Items are categorised and rated in order to

make it easy for you to locate information.

By registering as a user, you will have the ability to comment and

@code{LOCATE()} and @code{INSTR()} are case sensitive if one of the

arguments is a binary string.

@item

@code{STRCMP()} now uses the current character set when doing comparison,

which means that the default comparison is case insensitive.

@code{STRCMP()} now uses the current character set when doing comparisons,

which means that the default comparison behavior now is case insensitive.

@item

@code{HEX(string)} now returns the characters in string converted to

hexadecimal.  If you want to convert a number to hexadecimal, you should

@item @code{skip_show_databases}

This prevents people from doing @code{SHOW DATABASES} if they don't have

the @code{PROCESS_PRIV} privilege. This can improve security if you're

the @code{Process_priv} privilege. This can improve security if you're

concerned about people being able to see what databases other users

have. See also @code{safe_show_databases}.

collating functions.

Right now the best documentation on this is the character sets that are

already implemented.  Look at the big5, czech, gbk, sjis, and tis160

character sets for examples.

already implemented.  Look at the @code{big5}, @code{czech}, @code{gbk},

@code{sjis}, and @code{tis160} character sets for examples.

You must specify the @code{strxfrm_multiply_MYSET=N} value in the

special comment at the top of the file.  @code{N} should be set to

is a number that is incremented each time you execute @code{mysqladmin

refresh}, execute @code{mysqladmin flush-logs}, execute the @code{FLUSH

LOGS} statement or restart the server. A new binary log will also

automaticly be created when it reaches @code{max_bin_log_size}. You can

automatically be created when it reaches @code{max_bin_log_size}. You can

delete all not active binary log files with the @code{RESET MASTER}

command. @xref{RESET}.

@subsection Non-Type-Specific Operators and Functions

@menu

* Parenthesis::                 Parenthesis

* Parenthesis::                 Parentheses

* Comparison Operators::        Comparison Operators

* Logical Operators::           Logical Operators

* Control flow functions::      Control Flow Functions

@node Parenthesis, Comparison Operators, Non-typed Operators, Non-typed Operators

@subsubsection Parenthesis

@subsubsection Parentheses

@findex () (parentheses)

@findex parentheses ( and )

( ... )

@end example

Use parenthesis to force the order of evaluation in an expression.  For

Use parentheses to force the order of evaluation in an expression.  For

example:

@example

@code{ELSE} part then @code{NULL} is returned:

@example

mysql> SELECT CASE 1 WHEN 1 THEN "one" WHEN 2 THEN "two" ELSE "more" END;

mysql> SELECT CASE 1 WHEN 1 THEN "one"

           WHEN 2 THEN "two" ELSE "more" END;

       -> "one"

mysql> SELECT CASE WHEN 1>0 THEN "true" ELSE "false" END;

       -> "true"

mysql> SELECT CASE BINARY "B" when "a" then 1 when "b" then 2 END;

mysql> SELECT CASE BINARY "B" WHEN "a" THEN 1 WHEN "b" THEN 2 END;

       -> NULL

@end example

@end table

@findex ORD()

@item ORD(str)

If the leftmost character of the string str is a multi-byte character,

returns the code of multi-byte character by returning the ASCII code value

of the character in the format of:

If the leftmost character of the string @code{str} is a multi-byte character,

returns the code for that character, calculated from the ASCII code values

of its constituent characters using this formula:

@code{((first byte ASCII code)*256+(second byte ASCII code))[*256+third byte ASCII code...]}.

If the leftmost character is not a multi-byte character, returns the same

value as the like @code{ASCII()} function does:

value that the @code{ASCII()} function does:

@example

mysql> select ORD('2');

        -> 4

@end example

Note that for @code{CHAR_LENGTH()}, multi-byte characters are only counted

once.

Note that for @code{CHAR_LENGTH()} and @code{CHARACTER_LENGTH()}, multi-byte

characters are only counted once.

@findex BIT_LENGTH()

@item BIT_LENGTH(str)

@end multitable

The return string will be a binary string where the first character

will be @code{CHAR(128 | key-number)}.

will be @code{CHAR(128 | key_number)}.

The 128 is added to make it easier to recognize an encrypted key.

If one uses a string key, @code{key-number} will be 127.

If you use a string key, @code{key_number} will be 127.

On error, this function returns NULL.

On error, this function returns @code{NULL}.

The string length for the result will be

@code{new_length= org_length + (8-(org_length % 8))+1}.

The @code{des-key-file} has the following format:

@example

key-number key-string

key-number key-string

key_number des_key_string

key_number des_key_string

@end example

The @code{key-number} must be a number between 0-9. The numbers may be

in any order.  @code{des-key-string} is string that will be used to

encrypt the message. Between the number and the key there should be at

least one space.  The first key is the default key that will be used

if you don't specify a key to @code{DES_ENCRYPT()}

Each @code{key_number} must be a number in the range from 0 to 9.  Lines in

the file may be in any order.  @code{des_key_string} is the string that

will be used to encrypt the message.  Between the number and the key there

should be at least one space.  The first key is the default key that will

be used if you don't specify any key argument to @code{DES_ENCRYPT()}

You can tell MySQL to read new key values from the key file with the

@code{FLUSH DES_KEY_FILE} command.

@code{FLUSH DES_KEY_FILE} command.  This requires the @code{Reload_priv}

privilege.

One benefit with having a set of default keys on can use is that it

gives applications a way to check for existence of encrypted column,

without giving the end user the right to decrypt the data.

One benefit of having a set of default keys is that it gives applications

a way to check for existence of encrypted column values, without giving

the end user the right to decrypt those values.

@example

SELECT customer_address FROM customer_table WHERE

mysql> SELECT customer_address FROM customer_table WHERE

       crypted_credit_card = DES_ENCRYPT("credit_card_number");

@end example

Note that this function only works if you have configured MySQL with

SSL support. @xref{Secure connections}.

If one only gives this a string argument, then it will use the right key

If no @code{key_string} argument is given, @code{DES_DECRYPT()} examines

the first byte of the encrypted string to determine the DES key number

that was used to encrypt the original string, then reads the key

from the @code{des-key-file} to decrypt the message.  For this to work

the user must have the @code{PROCESS_PRIV} privilege.

the user must have the @code{Process_priv} privilege.

If one calls this function with 2 arguments, the second argument is

used to decrypt the message.

If you pass this function a @code{key_string} argument, that string

is used as the key for decrypting the message.

If the @code{string_to_decrypt} doesn't look like an encrypted string, MySQL

will return the given @code{string_to_decrypt}.

On error, this function returns NULL.

On error, this function returns @code{NULL}.

@findex LAST_INSERT_ID([expr])

@item LAST_INSERT_ID([expr])

@findex INET_NTOA()

@item INET_NTOA(expr)

Returns the network address (4 or 8 byte) for the numeric expression:

Given a numeric network address (4 or 8 byte), returns the dotted-quad

representation of the address as a string:

@example

mysql> select INET_NTOA(3520061480);

@findex INET_ATON()

@item INET_ATON(expr)

Returns an integer that represents the numeric value for a network address.

Given the dotted-quad representation of a network address as a string,

returns an integer that represents the numeric value of the address.

Addresses may be 4 or 8 byte addresses:

@example

@findex MASTER_POS_WAIT()

@item MASTER_POS_WAIT(log_name, log_pos)

Blocks until the slave reaches the specified position in the master log during

replication. If master information is not initialised, returns NULL. If the

slave is not running, will block and wait until it is started and goes to or

past

the specified position. If the slave is already past the specified position,

returns immediately. The return value is the number of log events it had to

wait to get to the specified position, or NULL in case of error. Useful for

control of master-slave synchronisation, but was originally written to

facilitate replication testing.

Blocks until the slave reaches the specified position in the master

log during replication. If master information is not initialised,

returns @code{NULL}. If the slave is not running, will block and wait

until it is started and goes to or past the specified position. If the

slave is already past the specified position, returns immediately. The

return value is the number of log events it had to wait to get to the

specified position, or @code{NULL} in case of error. Useful for control

of master-slave synchronisation, but was originally written to facilitate

replication testing.

@findex FOUND_ROWS()

@findex LIMIT

command would have returned, if wasn't restricted with @code{LIMIT}.

@example

SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS * FROM table_name WHERE id > 100 LIMIT 10;

SELECT FOUND_ROWS();

mysql> SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS * FROM table_name

       WHERE id > 100 LIMIT 10;

mysql> SELECT FOUND_ROWS();

@end example

The second select will return how many rows the SELECT should have

returned if we would remove the @code{LIMIT} clause.

The second @code{SELECT} will return a number indicating how many rows the

first @code{SELECT} would have returned had it been written without the

@code{LIMIT} clause.

Note that if you are using @code{SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS ...} MySQL has

to calculate all rows in the result set.  This is however faster than

if you would not use @code{LIMIT} as the result set doesn't have to be sent

to calculate all rows in the result set.  However, this is faster than

if you would not use @code{LIMIT}, as the result set need not be sent

to the client.

@end table

MAX(auto-inc-column) FROM T}, and assigns that value incremented

by one to the the column and the auto-increment counter of the table.

We say that

the auto-increment counter for table @code{T} has been initialized.

the auto-increment counter for table @code{T} has been initialised.

InnoDB follows the same procedure in initializing the auto-increment counter

for a freshly created table.

column, then InnoDB treats the row like the value would not have been

specified.

After the auto-increment counter has been initialized, if a user inserts

After the auto-increment counter has been initialised, if a user inserts

a row where he explicitly specifies the column value, and the value is bigger

than the current counter value, then the counter is set to the specified

column value. If the user does not explicitly specify a value, then InnoDB

Fixed @code{SIGINT} and @code{SIGQUIT} problems in mysql.cc on Linux with 

some glibc versions

@item

Fixed bug in convert.cc, which is caused by having a wrong net_store_length 

linked in CONVERT::store method

Fixed bug in @file{convert.cc}, which is caused by having an incorrect

@code{net_store_length()} linked in the @code{CONVERT::store()} method.

@item

@code{DOUBLE} and @code{FLOAT} columns are now honoring the

@code{UNSIGNED} flag on storage.

@code{DOUBLE} and @code{FLOAT} columns now honor the @code{UNSIGNED} flag

on storage.

@item

@code{InnoDB} now retains foreign key constraints through @code{ALTER TABLE}

and @code{CREATE/DROP INDEX}.

@item

Fixed bug in multi-table @code{DELETE}.

@item

Fixed bug in @code{SELECT CONCAT(argument-list) ... GROUP BY 1}.

Fixed bug in @code{SELECT CONCAT(argument_list) ... GROUP BY 1}.

@item

@code{INSERT ... SELECT} did a full rollback in case of an error. Fixed

so that we only roll back the last statement in the current transaction.

@item

New character set @code{latin_de} which provides correct German sorting.

@item

@code{STRCMP()} now uses the current character set when doing comparison,

which means that the default comparison is case insensitive.

@code{STRCMP()} now uses the current character set when doing comparisons,

which means that the default comparison behavior now is case insensitive.

@item

@code{TRUNCATE TABLE} and @code{DELETE FROM tbl_name} are now separate

functions. One bonus is that @code{DELETE FROM tbl_name} now returns

@itemize @bullet

@item

Our Linux RPMS and binaries are now compiled with gcc 3.0.4, which should

make them a bit faster.

Our Linux RPMS and binaries are now compiled with @code{gcc} 3.0.4, which

should make them a bit faster.

@item

Fixed some buffer overflow problems when reading startup parameters.

@item

Because of problems on shutdown we have now disabled named pipes on

windows by default.  One can enable this with by starting mysqld with

Windows by default.  To override this, start @code{mysqld} with

@code{--enable-named-pipe}.

@item

Fixed bug when using @code{WHERE key_column = 'J' or key_column='j'}.

Fixed bug when using a reference to an @code{AVG()} column in @code{HAVING}.

@item

Fixed that date functions that require correct dates, like

@code{DAYOFYEAR(column)} will return @code{NULL} for @code{0000-00-00} dates.

@code{DAYOFYEAR(column)}, will return @code{NULL} for @code{0000-00-00} dates.

@item

Fixed bug in const-propagation when comparing columns of different

types. (@code{SELECT * FROM date_col="2001-01-01" and date_col=time_col})

@code{DROP DATABASE} now works also for @code{InnoDB} tables.

@item

@code{InnoDB} now supports data files and raw disk partitions bigger

than 4 GB on those operating systems which have big files.

than 4 GB on those operating systems that have big files.

@item

@code{InnoDB} calculates better table cardinality estimates for the

MySQL optimiser.

@item

Fixed a bug in @code{REPLACE()} when using the @code{ujis} character set.

@item

Applied Sleepycat BDB patches 3.2.9.1 and 3.2.9.2.

Applied Sleepycat @code{BDB} patches 3.2.9.1 and 3.2.9.2.

@item

Added @code{--skip-stack-trace} option to @code{mysqld}.

@item

Fixed bug when using @code{DISTINCT} on results from functions that referred

to a group function, like:

@example

SELECT a, DISTINCT SEC_TO_TIME(sum(a))

from tbl_name GROUP BY a, b;

SELECT a, DISTINCT SEC_TO_TIME(SUM(a))

FROM tbl_name GROUP BY a, b;

@end example

@item

Fixed buffer overrun in @code{libmysqlclient} library.

If you do a @code{DROP DATABASE} on a symbolically linked database, both

the link and the original database is deleted.

@item

Fixed that @code{DROP DATABASE} works on OS/2.

Fixed @code{DROP DATABASE} to work on OS/2.

@item

Fixed bug when doing a @code{SELECT DISTINCT ... table1 LEFT JOIN

table2 ...} when @code{table2} was empty.

@item

Applied patches for OS/2 by @code{Yuri Dario}.

@item

@code{FLUSH TABLES table_name} didn't always flush the index tree

@code{FLUSH TABLES tbl_name} didn't always flush the index tree

to disk properly.

@item

@code{--bootstrap} is now run in a separate thread. This fixes a problem

Fixed a bug in @code{MyISAM} when running multiple updating processes on

the same table.

@item

Allow one to use @code{FLUSH TABLE tablename}.

Allow one to use @code{FLUSH TABLE tbl_name}.

@item

Added @code{--replicate-ignore-table}, @code{--replicate-do-table},

@code{--replicate-wild-ignore-table}, and @code{--replicate-wild-do-table}

Added @code{TRUNCATE table_name} as a synonym for

@code{DELETE FROM table_name}.

@item

Fixed a bug in a BDB key compare function when comparing part keys.

Fixed a bug in a @code{BDB} key compare function when comparing part keys.

@item

Added @code{bdb_lock_max} variable to @code{mysqld}.

@item

@code{TIMESTAMP(X)} columns, MySQL now reports columns with @code{X}

other than 14 or 8 to be strings.

@item

Changed sort order for latin1 as it was before MySQL Version 3.23.23.

Changed sort order for @code{latin1} as it was before MySQL Version 3.23.23.

Any table that was created or modified with 3.23.22 must be repaired if it has

@code{CHAR} columns that may contain characters with ASCII values greater than

128!

only a part of the column was indexed, the whole column of the result

row wasn't compared.

@item

Fix for sjis character set and @code{ORDER BY}.

Fix for @code{sjis} character set and @code{ORDER BY}.

@item

When running in ANSI mode, don't allow columns to be used that aren't in

the @code{GROUP BY} part.

Fixed bug in @code{MyISAM} involving @code{REPLACE ... SELECT ...} which could

give a corrupted table.

@item

Fixed bug in @code{myisamchk} where it wrongly reset the @code{AUTO_INCREMENT}

value.

Fixed bug in @code{myisamchk} where it incorrectly reset the

@code{AUTO_INCREMENT} value.

@item

LOTS of patches for Linux Alpha. MySQL now appears to be relatively

stable on Alpha.

@item

Fixed core dump with some @code{COUNT(DISTINCT ...)} queries.

@item

Fixed that @code{myisamchk} works properly with RAID:ed tables.

Fixed that @code{myisamchk} works properly with RAID tables.

@item

Fixed problem with @code{LEFT JOIN} and @code{key_field IS NULL}.

@item

@item

Fixed problem with timestamps and @code{INSERT DELAYED}.

@item

Fixed that @code{date_column BETWEEN const_date AND const_date} works.

Fixed that @code{date_col BETWEEN const_date AND const_date} works.

@item

Fixed problem when only changing a 0 to @code{NULL} in a table with

@code{BLOB/TEXT} columns.

didn't change row type from dynamic to fixed.

@item

Disabled floating-point exceptions for FreeBSD to fix core dump when

doing @code{SELECT floor(pow(2,63))}.

doing @code{SELECT FLOOR(POW(2,63))}.

@item

Renamed @code{mysqld} startup option from @code{--delay-key-write} to

@code{--delay-key-write-for-all-tables}.

that take a long time to a separate log file with a time indicating how

long the query took.

@item

Fixed core dump when doing @code{WHERE key_column=RAND(...)}.

Fixed core dump when doing @code{WHERE key_col=RAND(...)}.

@item

Fixed optimisation bug in @code{SELECT ... LEFT JOIN ... key_column IS NULL},

when @code{key_column} could contain @code{NULL} values.

Fixed optimisation bug in @code{SELECT ... LEFT JOIN ... key_col IS NULL},

when @code{key_col} could contain @code{NULL} values.

@item

Fixed problem with 8-bit characters as separators in @code{LOAD DATA INFILE}.

@end itemize

@item

Option @code{--delay-key-write} didn't enable delayed key writing.

@item

Fixed update of @code{TEXT} column which only involved case changes.

Fixed update of @code{TEXT} column which involved only case changes.

@item

Fixed that @code{INSERT DELAYED} doesn't update timestamps that are given.

@item

Added function @code{YEARWEEK()} and options @code{x}, @code{X}, @code{v} and

@code{V} to @code{DATE_FORMAT()}.

@item

Fixed problem with @code{MAX(indexed_column)} and HEAP tables.

Fixed problem with @code{MAX(indexed_column)} and @code{HEAP} tables.

@item

Fixed problem with @code{BLOB NULL} keys and @code{LIKE "prefix%"}.

@item

Added @code{SELECT ... INTO DUMPFILE}.

@item

Added @code{--ansi} option to @code{mysqld} to make some functions

@code{ANSI SQL} compatible.

ANSI SQL compatible.

@item

Temporary table names now start with @code{#sql}.

@item

Changed to use @code{snprintf()} when printing floats to avoid some buffer

overflows on FreeBSD.

@item

Made @code{floor()} overflow safe on FreeBSD.

Made @code{FLOOR()} overflow safe on FreeBSD.

@item

Added @code{--quote-names} option to @code{mysqldump}.

@item

Date handling should now be a bit faster.

@item

Added handling of fuzzy dates (dates where day or month is 0), such as

1999-01-00.

@code{'1999-01-00'}.

@item

Fixed optimisation of @code{SELECT ... WHERE key_part1=const1 AND

key_part_2=const2 AND key_part1=const4 AND key_part2=const4}; Indextype

@itemize @bullet

@item

A new table handler library (@code{MyISAM}) with a lot of new features.

@xref{MyISAM}.

@xref{MyISAM, , @code{MyISAM}}.

@item

You can create in-memory @code{HEAP} tables which are extremely fast for

lookups.

An example procedure is added: @code{analyse}, file: @file{sql_analyse.c}.

This will describe the data in your query.  Try the following:

@example

SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE ... PROCEDURE ANALYSE([max elements,[max memory]])

SELECT ... FROM ...

WHERE ... PROCEDURE ANALYSE([max elements,[max memory]])

@end example

This procedure is extremely useful when you want to check the data in your

@item

Fix problem with timezones that have half hour offsets.

@item

@code{mysqlhotcopy} - fast on-line hot-backup utility for local MySQL

Added @code{mysqlhotcopy}, a fast on-line hot-backup utility for local MySQL

databases. By Tim Bunce.

@item

New more secure @code{mysqlaccess}. Thanks to Steve Harvey for this.

Fixed optimiser problem on @code{SELECT} when using many overlapping indexes.

@item

Disabled floating-point exceptions for FreeBSD to fix core dump when

doing @code{SELECT floor(pow(2,63))}.

doing @code{SELECT FLOOR(POW(2,63))}.

@item

Added print of default arguments options to all clients.

@item

@itemize @bullet

@item

Fixed core dump with empty @code{BLOB/TEXT} column to @code{REVERSE()}.

Fixed core dump with empty @code{BLOB/TEXT} column argument to

@code{REVERSE()}.

@item

Extended @code{/*! */} with version numbers.

@item

and when using keys.

@item

You can now use @code{mysqladmin proc} to display information about your own

threads. Only users with the @strong{Process_priv} privilege can get

threads. Only users with the @code{Process_priv} privilege can get

information about all threads.

@item

Added handling of formats @code{YYMMDD}, @code{YYYYMMDD},

@item

New function: @code{NOW()}.

@item

Added new field @strong{file_priv} to @code{mysql/user} table.

Added new field @code{File_priv} to @code{mysql/user} table.

@item

New script @code{add_file_priv} which adds the new field @strong{file_priv}

New script @code{add_file_priv} which adds the new field @code{File_priv}

to the @code{user} table. This script must be executed if you want to

use the new @code{SELECT ... INTO} and @code{LOAD DATA INFILE ...} commands

with a version of MySQL earlier than 3.20.7.

Changed @file{select_test.c} and @file{insert_test.c} to include

@file{config.h}.

@item

Added command @code{status} to @code{mysqladmin} for short logging.

Added @code{status} command to @code{mysqladmin} for short logging.

@item

Increased maximum number of keys to 16 and maximum number of key parts to 15.

@item