Heaps of fixups for MGM/Kaj.

@c Copyright 1997-2001 TcX AB, Detron HB and MySQL Finland AB

@c

@c *********************************************************

@c Note that @node names are used on our Website.

@c Note that @node names are used on our website.

@c So do not change node names without checking

@c Makefile.am and SitePages first.

@c *********************************************************

* Environment variables::       MySQL environment variables

* Regexp::                      Description of MySQL regular expression syntax

* GPL license::                 GNU General Public License

* LGPL license::                GNU Library General Public License

* LGPL license::                GNU Lesser General Public License

* Function Index::              SQL command, type and function index

* Concept Index::               Concept Index

@end menu

@cindex overview

@cindex general information

MySQL is a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user, and robust SQL

(Structured Query Language) database server.

You can use MySQL free of charge under the

@strong{GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE} @uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}.

You can also purchase commercial MySQL licenses from MySQL AB if you

do not wish to be bound by the terms of the GPL.

@code{MySQL (TM)} is a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user, and robust

@code{SQL} (@code{Structured Query Language}) database server.

MySQL is intended for mission-critical, heavy load production systems

as well as for embedding into mass-deployed software.

@code{MySQL} is a trademark of @code{MySQL AB}.

MySQL has @code{Dual licensing}, you can use MySQL free of charge

under the @code{GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE}

(@uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}).

You can also purchase commercial MySQL licenses from @code{MySQL AB}

if you do not wish to be bound by the terms of the GPL.

@xref{Licensing and Support}.

@uref{http://www.mysql.com/, The MySQL website}

provides the latest information about MySQL.

The MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}) provides the latest

information about MySQL.

The following list describes some useful sections of the manual:

that builds its business providing services around the MySQL database.

@xref{What is MySQL AB}.

@uref{http://www.mysql.com/, The MySQL website}

The MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/})

provides the latest information about MySQL and MySQL AB.

@table @asis

Work against software patents.

@end itemize

@uref{http://www.mysql.com/, The MySQL website}

The MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/})

provides the latest information about MySQL and MySQL AB.

@node Business Services Advertising,  , Business Services Partnering, MySQL AB business model and services

@subsubsection Advertising

The MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}) immensely popular among

The MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}) is immensely popular among

developers and users. In October 2001, we served 10 million page views.

Our visitors represent a group that makes purchase decisions and

recommendations for both software and hardware. Twelve per cent of our

more online business purchase within the last half-year, and 70% plan

to make one in the next months.

If you are interested in placing banner ads on our website, please send

an email to @email{advertising@@mysql.com}.

If you are interested in placing banner ads on our website

@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}, please send an email to

@email{advertising@@mysql.com}.

@node Contact information,  , MySQL AB business model and services, What is MySQL AB

@cindex employment with MySQL

@cindex jobs at MySQL

@uref{http://www.mysql.com/, The MySQL website}

The MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/})

provides the latest information about MySQL and MySQL AB.

For press service and inquiries not covered in our News releases

@uref{https://order.mysql.com/}. There you will also find information

on how to fax your purchase order to MySQL AB. If you have questions

regarding licensing or you want a quote for a high-volume license

deal, please fill in the contact form on our website or send an email

deal, please fill in the contact form on our website

(@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}) or send an email

to @email{licensing@@mysql.com} (for licensing questions) or to 

@email{sales@@mysql.com} (for sales inquiries).

@xref{MySQL server licenses}.

@email{security@@mysql.com}.

@xref{Bug reports}.

If you have benchmark results that we can publish, please

contact us at @email{benchmarks@@mysql.com}.

@xref{Comparisons}.

If you have any suggestions concerning additions or corrections to this

manual, please send them to the manual team at @email{docs@@mysql.com}.

For questions or comments about the workings or content of the Website,

For questions or comments about the workings or content of the

MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}),

please send e-mail to @email{webmaster@@mysql.com}.

MySQL AB has a privacy policy, which can be read at

This section describes MySQL support and licensing arrangements:

@menu

* Copyright::                   Copyrights used by MySQL

* Support::                     

* MySQL server licenses::       

* MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks::  

* Support::                     Support Offered by MySQL AB

* Copyright::                   Copyrights and Licenses Used by MySQL

* MySQL server licenses::       MySQL Server Licenses

* MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks::  MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks

@end menu

@node Copyright, Support, Licensing and Support, Licensing and Support

@subsection Copyrights Used by MySQL

@node Support, Copyright, Licensing and Support, Licensing and Support

@subsection Support Offered by MySQL AB

@cindex support, types

@cindex types, of support

@cindex commercial support, types

@cindex costs, support

@cindex licensing costs

@cindex support costs

@cindex prices, support

Technical support from MySQL AB means individualised answers to your

unique problems direct from the software engineers who code the MySQL

database engine.

We try to take a broad and inclusive view of technical support. Almost

any problem involving MySQL is important to us if it's important to you.

Typically customers seek help on how to get different commands and

utilities to work, remove performance bottlenecks, restore crashed

systems, understand operating system or networking impacts on MySQL,

set-up best practices for backup and recovery, utilise APIs, etc.

Our support covers only the MySQL server and our own utilities, not

third-party products that access MySQL, though we try to help with

these where we can.

Detailed information about our various support options is given at

@uref{https://order.mysql.com/} where support contracts can also be

ordered online. If you have restricted access to the Internet, contact

our sales staff at @email{sales@@mysql.com}.

Technical support is like life insurance. You can live happily

without it for years, but when your hour arrives it becomes

critically important, yet it's too late to buy it!

If you use MySQL for important applications and encounter sudden

troubles,  it might take too long to figure out all the answers

yourself. You may need immediate access to the most experienced

MySQL troubleshooters available, those employed by MySQL AB.

@node Copyright, MySQL server licenses, Support, Licensing and Support

@subsection Copyrights and Licenses Used by MySQL

@cindex copyrights

@cindex licenses

@code{MySQL AB} owns the copyright to the MySQL source code,

the MySQL logo and trademark and this manual.

@item

The client library, and the GNU @code{getopt} library, are covered

by the ``GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE.''  @xref{LGPL license}.

by the ``GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE.''  @xref{LGPL license}.

The aim of this is to make it possible to add MySQL support (client

side, i.e. the ability to connect to a MySQL server) into commercial

products without a license.

See the documentation of the specific version for information.

@end enumerate

For information about how the MySQL licenses work in practise,

For information about how the MySQL licenses work in practice,

please refer to @ref{MySQL server licenses}.

Also see @ref{MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks}.

@node Support, MySQL server licenses, Copyright, Licensing and Support

@subsection Support offered by MySQL AB

@cindex support, types

@cindex types, of support

@cindex commercial support, types

@cindex costs, support

@cindex licensing costs

@cindex support costs

@cindex prices, support

Technical support from MySQL AB means individualised answers to your

unique problems direct from the software engineers who code the MySQL

database engine.

We try to take a broad and inclusive view of technical support. Almost

any problem involving MySQL is important to us if it's important to you.

Typically customers seek help on how to get different commands and

utilities to work, remove performance bottlenecks, restore crashed

systems, understand operating system or networking impacts on MySQL,

set-up best practises for backup and recovery, utilise APIs, etc.

Our support covers only the MySQL server and our own utilities, not

third-party products that access MySQL, though we try to help with

these where we can.

Detailed information about our various support options is given at

@uref{https://order.mysql.com/} where support contracts can also be

ordered online. If you have restricted access to the Internet, contact

our sales staff at @email{sales@@mysql.com}.

Technical support is like life insurance. You can live happily

without it for years, but when your hour arrives it becomes

critically important, yet it's too late to buy it!

If you use MySQL for important applications and encounter sudden

troubles,  it might take too long to figure out all the answers

yourself. You may need immediate access to the most experienced

MySQL troubleshooters available, those employed by MySQL AB.

@node MySQL server licenses, MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks, Support, Licensing and Support

@node MySQL server licenses, MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks, Copyright, Licensing and Support

@subsection MySQL Server Licenses

@cindex licensing policy

See also @uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html}.

Since the MySQL server is released under the GPL, it may often be used

for free, but for certain uses you need to buy commercial licenses from

MySQL AB at @uref{http://www.mysql.com/}.

for free, but for certain uses you may want or need to buy commercial

licenses from MySQL AB at @uref{https://order.mysql.com/}.

Older versions of MySQL (3.22 and earlier) are subject to a more

@uref{http://www.mysql.com/support/arrangements/mypl.html, strict license}.

@item

When include the MySQL client code in a commercial program.

The client part of MySQL is licensed under the LGPL

@code{GNU Library General Public License}. The formal terms of the

@code{GNU Lesser General Public License}. The formal terms of the

LGPL license can be found at @uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}.

However, the @code{mysql} command-line client does include code

@item

If you use the trademark on a website, make it clickable, leading directly

to @uref{http://www.mysql.com/}

to @uref{http://www.mysql.com/}.

@item

If you are using the MySQL database under GPL in an application, your

Mail to @email{mysql-subscribe@@lists.mysql.com} or

@email{mysql-unsubscribe@@lists.mysql.com} is handled automatically by the

ezmlm mailing list processor.  Information about ezmlm is available at

@uref{http://www.ezmlm.org, The ezmlm Website}.

@uref{http://www.ezmlm.org, The ezmlm website}.

To post a message to the list itself, send your message to

@code{mysql@@lists.mysql.com}.  However, please @emph{do not} send mail about

Sams' @emph{Teach Yourself MySQL in 21 Days} is a practical, step-by-step

tutorial.  The reader will learn to design and employ this open source

database technology into his or her Website using practical, hands-on 

database technology into his or her website using practical, hands-on 

examples to follow.

@*

Hands on tutorial for MySQL.

@end table

@subheading MySQL Discussion Forums

@table @asis

@item @uref{http://www.weberdev.com/}

Examples using MySQL; (check Top 20)

@item @uref{http://futurerealm.com/forum/futureforum.htm}

FutureForum Web Discussion Software.

@end table

@subheading Porting MySQL/Using MySQL on Different Systems

@table @asis

Perl DBI with MySQL FAQ.

@end table

@subheading MySQL Discussion Forums

@table @asis

@item @uref{http://www.weberdev.com/}

Examples using MySQL; (check Top 20)

@item @uref{http://futurerealm.com/forum/futureforum.htm}

FutureForum Web Discussion Software.

@end table

@c FIX We should get longer descriptions for things in this category!

@subheading Commercial Applications that Support MySQL

* Compare PostgreSQL::          How MySQL compares with PostgreSQL

@end menu

This section compares MySQL to other databases.  

Our users have successfully run their own benchmarks against a number

of @code{Open Source} and traditional database servers. We are aware of

tests against @code{Oracle}, @code{DB/2}, @code{Microsoft SQL Server}

and other commercial products. Due to legal reasons we are restricted

from publishing some of those benchmarks in our reference manual.

This section has been written by the MySQL developers, so it

should be read with that in mind.  There are no factual errors contained

in this section that we know of.  If you find something which you believe

to be an error, please contact us about it at @email{docs@@mysql.com}.

This section includes a comparison with @code{mSQL} for historical

reasons and with @code{PostgreSQL} as it is also an Open Source

database. If you have benchmark results that we can publish, please

contact us at @email{benchmarks@@mysql.com}.

@c FIX this is bad lingo: "supported limits", etc.

For a list of all supported limits, functions, and types, see the

@code{crash-me} Web page at 

For comparative lists of all supported functions and types as well

as measured operational limits of many different database systems,

see the @code{crash-me} web page at

@uref{http://www.mysql.com/information/crash-me.php}.

@subsection Things That Should be in 4.0

We have now shifted development to MySQL Version 4.0.  Most of the basic

things we want to have in 4.0 is already done.  The target is to quickly

things we want to have in 4.0 are already done.  The target is to quickly

implement the rest of the following features and then shift development

to MySQL 4.1. @xref{MySQL 4.0 In A Nutshell}.

The news section for 4.0 includes a list of the features we have already

implemented in the 4.0 tree. @xref{News-4.0.x}.

This section lists features not yet implemented in the current

version of MySQL 4.0, which will however be implemented in 

later versions of MySQL 4.0. This being very volatile information,

please consider this list valid only if you are reading it from

the MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}).

@itemize @bullet

@item

Allow users to change startup options without taking down the server.

@cindex mirror sites

@cindex URLS for downloading MySQL

Check the @uref{http://www.mysql.com/, MySQL home page} for

Check the MySQL homepage (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}) for

information about the current version and for downloading instructions.

Our main download mirror is located at:

@cindex applying, patches

Sometimes patches appear on the mailing list or are placed in the

@uref{http://www.mysql.com/Downloads/Patches, patches area} of the

MySQL website.

patches area of the MySQL website

(@uref{http://www.mysql.com/Downloads/Patches}).

To apply a patch from the mailing list, save the message in which the patch

appears in a file, change into the top-level directory of your MySQL

@end example

The binaries we provide on the MySQL website at

@uref{http://www.mysql.com} are all compiled with full optimisation and

@uref{http://www.mysql.com/} are all compiled with full optimisation and

should be perfect for most users.  @xref{MySQL binaries}.  There are some

things you can tweak to make an even faster binary, but this is only for

advanced users.  @xref{Compile and link options}.

You can also use @code{xmysqladmin}, @code{mysql_webadmin}, and even

@code{xmysql} to insert, change, and update values in the grant tables.

You can find these utilities in the

@uref{http://www.mysql.com/Downloads/Contrib/,Contrib directory of the MySQL

Website}.

You can find these utilities in the Contrib directory of the

MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/Downloads/Contrib/}).

@node Passwords, Password security, Adding users, User Account Management

To compile MySQL with InnoDB support,

download MySQL-3.23.34a or newer version from

@uref{http://www.mysql.com}

@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}

and configure MySQL with the

@code{--with-innodb} option. See the

MySQL manual

@subsection InnoDB Contact Information

Contact information of Innobase Oy, producer of the InnoDB engine.

Website: @uref{http://www.innodb.com}. Email:

@email{Heikki.Tuuri@@innodb.com}

Website: @uref{http://www.innodb.com/}.

Email: @email{Heikki.Tuuri@@innodb.com}

@example

phone: 358-9-6969 3250 (office) 358-40-5617367 (mobile)

databases, including MySQL.  PHP may be run as a separate program

or compiled as a module for use with the Apache Web server.

The distribution and documentation are available at the

@uref{http://www.php.net/, PHP website}.

The distribution and documentation are available at the PHP website

(@uref{http://www.php.net/}).

@menu

* PHP problems::                Common problems with MySQL and PHP

install interrupt handlers for the @code{SIGPIPE} interrupt,

the socket handling should be thread safe.

In the older binaries we distribute on our website, the client

libraries are not normally compiled with the thread-safe option (the

Windows binaries are by default compiled to be thread safe).

Newer binary distributions should have both a normal and a

thread-safe client library.

In the older binaries we distribute on our website

(@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}), the client libraries are not normally

compiled with the thread-safe option (the Windows binaries are by

default compiled to be thread safe). Newer binary distributions should

have both a normal and a thread-safe client library.

To get a threaded client where you can interrupt the client from other

threads and set timeouts when talking with the MySQL server, you should

Do check the list of currently supported operating systems first.

@xref{Which OS}.

If you have created a new port of MySQL, please let us know so that

we can list it here and on our website, recommending it to other users.

we can list it here and on our website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}),

recommending it to other users.

Note: If you create a new port of MySQL, you are free to copy and

distribute it under the GPL license, but it does not make you a